Short answers, pulled from the story.
Nike was founded on the 25th of January 1964, as Blue Ribbon Sports by University of Oregon track athlete Phil Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman. The company officially became Nike, Inc. on the 30th of May 1971, taking its name from the Greek goddess of victory.
Carolyn Davidson designed the Swoosh logo. Nike first used it on the 18th of June 1971, and registered it with the US Patent and Trademark Office on the 22nd of January 1974.
Dan Wieden, co-founder of advertising agency Wieden+Kennedy, coined the slogan for a 1988 Nike ad campaign. He credited the phrase to the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed. The slogan was later named one of the top five ad slogans of the 20th century by Advertising Age and was enshrined in the Smithsonian Institution.
The Nike Vaporfly, first released in 2017, was criticized for giving athletes an unfair advantage because studies showed it could improve marathon race time by up to 4.2%. On the 31st of January 2020, World Athletics issued new guidelines limiting shoe sole thickness to 40mm and restricting embedded plates, though the Vaporfly was not banned outright.
Beginning in 1990, Nike faced protests over child labor and sweatshop conditions in factories it contracted in China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Mexico. A 2001 BBC documentary uncovered child labor in a Cambodian factory used by Nike. As of July 2011, Nike acknowledged that two-thirds of its Converse-producing factories still did not meet its own worker treatment standards.
The Paradise Papers, published on the 5th of November 2017, revealed that Nike transferred ownership of its Swoosh trademark to a Bermudan subsidiary, Nike International Ltd, which charged royalties to Nike's European headquarters in Hilversum, Netherlands, converting taxable profits into payments routed to tax-free Bermuda. Papers filed in US Tax Court mention royalties in 2010, 2011, and 2012 totaling $3.86 billion.