Short answers, pulled from the story.
Nicolaus Copernicus was born on the 19th of February 1473 in the city of Torun. His father was a merchant who moved from Krakow to Torun around 1458, and his mother Barbara Watzenrode came from a wealthy patrician family that had settled in the region after 1360.
Nicolaus Copernicus matriculated at the University of Krakow in the winter semester of 1491 and later received his doctorate in canon law from the University of Ferrara on the 31st of May 1503. He also studied medicine at the University of Padua and canon law at the University of Bologna.
Nicolaus Copernicus resided in Frombork from 1512 until his death in 1543, where he conducted astronomical observations from 1513 to 1516 and from 1522 to 1543. He used primitive instruments like the quadrant and triquetrum to conduct over half of his more than 60 registered astronomical observations from this location.
Nicolaus Copernicus formulated an early iteration of the theory called Gresham's law in 1526 stating that bad coinage drives good coinage out of circulation. He also set down a quantity theory of money in 1517 which is a principal concept in modern economics.
Nicolaus Copernicus's book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium was published in 1543, the same year he died on the 24th of May 1543. The book contained six books detailing the heliocentric theory and was printed by Johannes Petreius at Nuremberg.
Archaeologists discovered what they believed to be the remains of Nicolaus Copernicus in August 2005 and announced the discovery on the 3rd of November 2008. DNA from the bones matched hair samples from a book owned by Nicolaus Copernicus kept at the library of the University of Uppsala in Sweden, leading to his reburial on the 22nd of May 2010.