Short answers, pulled from the story.
New Orleans was founded in the spring of 1718 by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, acting on behalf of the French Mississippi Company. The city was named in honor of Philippe II, Duke of Orleans, who served as regent of France from 1715 to 1723.
Bulbancha was the Choctaw name for the area of present-day New Orleans and translates as "land of many tongues." It appears to derive from a contraction meaning "there are foreign speakers."
Hurricane Katrina struck on the 29th of August 2005, causing catastrophic failure of the federal levee system and flooding more than 80 percent of the city. More than 1,500 people were recorded as having died in Louisiana, most in New Orleans, and the storm displaced 800,000 people overall, causing a population decline of over 50 percent.
New Orleans is recognized as the birthplace of jazz. It was the only North American city to allow enslaved people to gather in public and play their native music, largely in Congo Square, and that tradition gave rise to jazz in the early 20th century. African American brass bands formed soon after, beginning a century-long musical tradition.
The German Coast rebellion took place from January 8 to 11, 1811, when roughly 500 enslaved Africans in St. Charles and St. John the Baptist parishes rose up against their enslavers and marched south toward New Orleans before being suppressed by the local militia. It has been called the largest slave rebellion in United States history.
The case originated from a deliberate legal challenge organized by the New Orleans Comite des Citoyens, which recruited Homer Plessy to board a commuter train from New Orleans to Covington, Louisiana, and sit in the car reserved for white passengers. Plessy was arrested, and the resulting case was heard by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896, which ruled that "separate but equal" accommodations were constitutional.