Short answers, pulled from the story.
The New Deal was a series of economic, social, and political reforms introduced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1938 in response to the Great Depression. It created dozens of new federal agencies and programs targeting unemployment relief, economic recovery, and financial regulation.
The phrase was coined by Stuart Chase, an adviser to Roosevelt, who used "A New Deal" as the title of an article in the progressive magazine The New Republic a few days before Roosevelt's 1932 nomination speech. Speechwriter Rosenman added it to Roosevelt's acceptance speech at the last minute.
The Social Security Act of 1935 established a permanent system of universal retirement pensions, unemployment insurance, and welfare benefits for the disabled and for needy children in families without a father present. Before it passed, the United States was the only major industrial country with no national social security system.
The Works Progress Administration employed more than 8.5 million workers. They built 650,000 miles of highways and roads, 125,000 public buildings, and major projects including the Lincoln Tunnel, the Triborough Bridge, and LaGuardia Airport.
The Civilian Conservation Corps enrolled unemployed young men aged 17 to 28 whose families were on relief, sending them to construction camps for six months. Three million young men passed through the program, which also operated separate units for African Americans and on Indian reservations.
The Home Owners' Loan Corporation created redlining maps that withheld federal mortgage backing from neighborhoods with what its guidelines called "inharmonious racial groups." Black Americans were effectively denied federally backed mortgages, and the federal government required that the projects it backed be explicitly segregated and include racially restrictive covenants preventing resale to Black buyers.