Who introduced the phrase Near East in 1855?
Thomas Taylor Meadows introduced the phrase Near East in an 1855 letter to The Times. He served as an official Chinese interpreter with ten years of active service and wrote from within the Oriental Club.
Questions about Near East
Short answers, pulled from the story.
When did the Ottoman Empire lose its European territories except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace?
The Ottoman Empire lost all its European territories except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace by 1914. Nationalist Balkan states rose up claiming independence for the Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, Danubian Principalities, and Kingdom of Bulgaria before losing Albania, Macedonia, and Adrianople Vilayet in the two Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913.
What countries were included in the D.G. Hogarth map published in 1902?
D.G. Hogarth published The Nearer East in 1902 delineating a region that included Iran and the Balkans but excluded Danube lands or Egypt beyond North Africa. His analysis matched later definitions of the Middle East while differing from contemporary Ottoman Empire boundaries by including Greece and Iran.
Which agency uses the term Near East within the United States Department of State today?
The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs remains perhaps the most influential agency still using the term Near East within the United States Department of State. All official Middle Eastern affairs refer to this bureau despite there being no distinct Middle East division.
Who combined the terms Near East and Middle East in 1910?
Bertram Lenox Simpson combined both terms in his 1910 work The Conflict of Colour: The Threatened Upheaval Throughout the World as the Near and Middle East. According to Simpson, the combined region consisted of India, Afghanistan, Persia, Arabistan, Asia Minor, and Egypt explaining these regions were politically one region despite academic divisions.