Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word nature traces its roots to the Latin term natura, which meant essential qualities or innate disposition. Ancient Greek philosophers used the word physis to describe the intrinsic characteristics of plants and animals developing on their own accord.
Earth formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago from the solar nebula alongside the Sun and other planets. The Moon appeared roughly 20 million years after Earth's initial formation.
Water covers 71 percent of the Earth's surface forming oceans that hold 96.5 percent of all surface water. Only 1.6 percent exists below ground in aquifers while 0.001 percent resides in the air as vapor or clouds.
Roughly one million species face extinction within decades due to rapid human economic growth displacing other life forms. The Holocene extinction event represents the fastest mass extinction ever recorded occurring within current human history.
Visible components compose only 4.9 percent of total mass while dark matter accounts for 26.8 percent and dark energy makes up 68.3 percent. Stars form within galaxy structures spanning up to 100,000 light years in scale across the observable universe.