Short answers, pulled from the story.
Secretary of Defense Robert A. Lovett issued a November 4 memo that officially created the National Security Agency by changing the name from AFSA in 1952. President Harry S. Truman issued a classified memorandum on the 24th of October 1952 to establish the agency without public knowledge.
The Cable and Telegraph Section formed on the 28th of April 1917 under Herbert O. Yardley before becoming the Code Compilation Company known as the Black Chamber. This organization broke diplomatic communications from nations like Japan until Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson shut down the operation in 1929.
Between February 8 and March 8 of 2013, the Boundless Informant tool collected approximately 124.8 billion telephone data items and 97.1 billion computer data items worldwide. Edward Snowden revealed these figures in June 2013 when he leaked internal documents about massive global spying operations.
Fort Meade headquarters opened its nine-story building in 1963 and contains over 1,300 buildings covering more than sixty-eight acres of floor space. Additional facilities include the Utah Data Center at Camp Williams completed in May 2019 and stations in countries such as Germany, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, and Taiwan.
Documents show that the NSA pushed adoption of Dual EC DRBG encryption standard containing built-in vulnerabilities to NIST and ISO organizations in 2006. Linus Torvalds confirmed that the agency inserted backdoors into the Linux kernel despite his earlier jokes about the issue.