Short answers, pulled from the story.
The National Assembly declared the formation of a bourgeois militia on the 13th of July 1789. This decision followed a day of anger and violence after King Louis XVI replaced his finance minister with the Baron de Breteuil.
Marquis de Lafayette was elected commander in chief of what became known as the National Guard of Paris. He received the title Commandant General of all the National Guards of the Kingdom on the 14th of July 1790.
Charles X dissolved the original guard on the 30th of April 1827 after middle-class members expressed hostility toward the monarchy. Muskets from this disbanded force resurfaced during the July Revolution of 1830.
On the 12th of October 2016, the Cabinet officially reconstituted the guard after 145 years of absence. French President François Hollande declared the establishment of a new third National Guard after several terror attacks intensified between 2014 and 2015.
Projections expected growth to 72,500 members by 2017 and 86,000 national reservists by 2018. A dedicated budget of 311 million euros supported the formation process for this branch under the Ministry of the Armed Forces.