Short answers, pulled from the story.
Nashville was founded in 1779 when explorers James Robertson and John Donelson led a party of Overmountain Men to the site of an old French trading post and built Fort Nashborough. The city was incorporated in 1806 and named the permanent capital of Tennessee in 1843.
The nickname "Music City, U.S.A." was coined in 1950 by WSM radio announcer David Cobb in an ad-libbed on-air remark. The name is also traced to a reported comment by Queen Victoria after hearing the Fisk Jubilee Singers perform in the 1870s, in which she said the performers must come from a musical city.
Beginning on the 13th of February 1960, students organized by the Nashville Student Movement and Nashville Christian Leadership Council staged sit-ins at segregated downtown lunch counters. Trained by James Lawson and Myles Horton, the protesters continued through a bombing of council member Z. Alexander Looby's home on the 19th of April 1960. Mayor Ben West publicly supported desegregation the following day, and the sit-ins ended successfully in May.
Nashville became the first Confederate state capital to fall to U.S. troops in February 1862. The Union Army occupied the city through the end of the Civil War, and the Battle of Nashville in December 1864 is considered one of the most decisive Union victories of the entire conflict.
Nashville is home to three major professional sports teams: the Tennessee Titans of the NFL, the Nashville Predators of the NHL, and Nashville SC of Major League Soccer. The city also has a minor league baseball team, the Nashville Sounds, which plays in the International League.
Nashville had a population of 689,447 at the 2020 census, making it the 20th-most populous city in the United States and the most populous in Tennessee. The city is among the fastest-growing in the country; between 2010 and 2020, the metro Nashville area added 343,319 residents.