Short answers, pulled from the story.
Narration is the use of a written or spoken commentary to convey a story to an audience. It is delivered by a narrator, either a specific person or an unspecified literary voice, and is a required element of all written stories, including novels, short stories, poems, and memoirs.
First-person narration uses pronouns like I and me and features a self-referential narrator who participates in the story. Third-person narration refers to all characters with pronouns like he and she and never uses first- or second-person pronouns. Gerard Genette called these intradiegetic and extradiegetic narration, respectively.
An unreliable narrator is an untrustworthy narrator whose account may be biased, incomplete, or deliberately misleading, creating suspense or disbelief about what information is true. J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye is a well-known example; its narrator Holden Caulfield is described as biased, emotional, and juvenile.
Stream of consciousness is a narrative technique that attempts to replicate a character's thought processes rather than simply their actions and spoken words. Notable examples include William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury and As I Lay Dying, Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale, and James Joyce's Ulysses.
Notable works using second-person narration include Italo Calvino's If on a winter's night a traveler, Jay McInerney's Bright Lights, Big City, Andy Weir's short story The Egg, Michel Butor's Second Thoughts, and sections of N. K. Jemisin's The Fifth Season. Charles Stross's Halting State uses second person as an allusion to interactive fiction.
The Russian semiotician Boris Uspenskij identified five planes on which point of view operates in a narrative: spatial, temporal, psychological, phraseological, and ideological. The American literary critic Susan Sniader Lanser subsequently developed these categories further.