Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first record of Munich dates to 1158. Historians date the event where Henry the Lion founded the town at about 1158, though archaeological excavations prove the settlement is older than the Augsburg Arbitration of that year.
Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, founded the town in his territory to control the salt trade. Munich received city status and fortification in 1175 after being transferred to Otto II Wittelsbach in 1240.
Adolf Hitler and his supporters staged the Beer Hall Putsch in Munich on the 8th of November 1939, which failed and resulted in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the Nazi Party. The revolt led to Munich being referred to as the Hauptstadt der Bewegung due to its importance to the rise of National Socialism.
As of the 30th of November 2024, the population of Munich was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. It ranks as the 11th-largest city in the European Union with a metropolitan area containing around 3 million inhabitants.
Munich hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics after winning the bid in 1966. During these games, 11 Israeli athletes were murdered by Palestinian terrorists in the Munich massacre, which remains one of the most deadly militant attacks in German history.