Short answers, pulled from the story.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on the 25th of December 1876 in a rented apartment on the second floor of Wazir Mansion near Karachi. His father worked as a merchant while his mother came from the nearby village of Dhaffa.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined Lincoln's Inn to study law after giving up a business apprenticeship with Graham's Shipping and Trading Company. He became influenced by 19th-century British liberalism during his student years in England.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah resigned from the Congress party in 1920 after delegates shouted him down for criticizing Gandhi's satyagraha campaign as political anarchy. He chose to retain only his position within the Muslim League.
The Lahore Resolution was passed on the 23rd of March 1940 calling for the union of Muslim-majority provinces in northwest British India with complete autonomy. It also granted similar rights to Muslim-majority areas in the east while providing unspecified protections to minorities elsewhere.
Over eight million people migrated across West Pakistan while Muhammad Ali Jinnah personally supervised the provision of aid for them. Between 500,000 to a million men women and children perished in massacres according to Christopher Beaumont private secretary.
In March 1948 Muhammad Ali Jinnah stated that Urdu alone should be the national language believing a single language was needed for the nation to remain united. Bengali-speaking people strongly opposed this policy leading to the secession of the region which formed Bangladesh in 1971.