Short answers, pulled from the story.
Muhammad was an Arab religious, military, and political leader and the founder of Islam, born in Mecca around the year 570 and dead on the 8th of June 632. Muslims regard him as the final prophet of God and the Seal of the Prophets, whose revelations form the Quran.
Muhammad was born in Mecca around the year 570, into the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe. His father died before his birth, his mother died when he was six, and his grandfather died two years later, leaving him an orphan raised by his uncle Abu Talib.
When Muhammad was about forty, around the year 610, the angel Gabriel appeared to him in the cave of Hira and commanded him to read, choking him three times before reciting the verses that became the opening of Quran chapter 96. Terrified, Muhammad fled to his wife Khadija, who reassured him the revelation was real.
Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina in 622 to escape persecution by the Quraysh, who had plotted to assassinate him. This migration is called the Hijrah, and he reached Medina with Abu Bakr on the 4th of September 622.
In 630, Muhammad marched on Mecca with 10,000 Muslim converts after the Quraysh broke the Treaty of Hudaybiyya by aiding the Banu Bakr against his allies the Banu Khuza'ah. He took the city with minimal casualties, declared an amnesty for most past offenses, and destroyed the statues of the Arabian gods around the Kaaba.
Muhammad's early life is difficult to reconstruct because the earliest written biographies appear generations after his death, creating an oral gap that makes the information contentious. The historian John Burton concluded that virtually nothing of use to the historian survives beyond the bare fact that Muhammad once existed.