Short answers, pulled from the story.
Babur led his army across the Hindu Kush mountain passes on the 21st of April 1526. This campaign marked the beginning of a long series of conflicts between Mughal rulers and Afghan tribes.
Sher Shah Suri defeated the Mughal Emperor Humayun in the Battle of Chausa during 1539. He secured victory once more in the Battle of Kanauj in 1540, establishing the short-lived Sur Empire that ruled from 1540 to 1556.
Akbar launched an invasion of the Sur Empire in 1555 and defeated their forces at the Battle of Sirhind. The conflict continued for several years until Akbar's army crushed the Sur forces at the Battle of Machhiwara in 1556.
A Mughal force consisting of four thousand matchlock-men and one hundred imperial war elephants eventually overwhelmed these defenses after Khwaja Usman was slain in battle. This occurred during the Greater Sylhet invasion against Bayazid Karrani II who independently ruled eastern Bengal with his capital in Pratapgarh.
Pir Roshan spent his life in conflict with the Mughals until his death in 1572. His successors continued the struggle even capturing Ghazni city at one point which prompted Emperor Jahangir to deal more seriously with the rebellion.
An army under Rajah Todar Mal set off on the 19th of February to exact retribution by killing many survivors and selling others to Turan and Persia. The countries of Swat, Bajaur and Buner were cleansed of evildoers according to official accounts following the disaster that caused Akbar such grief that he did not eat or drink for two days.