Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Earth spins at the equator with an eastward velocity of 465 meters per second. This movement occurs simultaneously with the planet orbiting the Sun at an average speed of 29.78 kilometers per second.
Sir Isaac Newton published Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica on the 5th of July 1687. This work unified the motion of celestial bodies and objects on Earth through three laws of motion.
Light travels through a vacuum at a precise speed of 299,792,458 meters per second. This value was fixed in 2019 alongside all seven SI base units using the explicit-constant formulation.
The Pacific Plate moves at a rate of 100 millimeters per year. This makes it one of the fastest-moving tectonic plates compared to the Eurasian Plate which progresses at about 2.5 millimeters per year.
Blood travels through larger veins and arteries at approximately 0.33 meters per second. Peak flows in the venae cavae reach much higher velocities than this average.