Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Morgenthau Plan was a proposal by United States Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. to deindustrialize Germany after World War II by eliminating its arms and civilian industries. Morgenthau first set out the idea in a 1944 memorandum titled 'Suggested Post-Surrender Program for Germany,' which is preserved at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum.
Yes. At the Second Quebec Conference, held in Quebec City from the 12th to the 16th of September 1944, both Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill initialed a memorandum based on Morgenthau's proposal. Roosevelt subsequently disowned the plan after the press published it in September 1944, claiming he had 'no recollection' of approving it.
Joseph Goebbels used the plan in Nazi propaganda, and American military commanders reported that it stiffened German resistance. Lt. Colonel John Boettiger told Morgenthau that US troops fighting to capture Aachen said the plan was 'worth thirty divisions to the Germans.' OSS director William Donovan warned Roosevelt in a December 1944 telegraph that knowledge of the plan was prolonging German willingness to fight.
JCS 1067 was the Joint Chiefs of Staff directive approved by President Harry Truman on the 10th of May 1945, ordering US occupation forces to take no steps toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany. Morgenthau privately acknowledged it reflected his plan, and 'Morgenthau boys,' US Treasury officials loaned to the occupation army, worked to enforce it as strictly as possible until it was replaced by JCS 1779 in July 1947.
Average daily kilocalorie intake in Germany in 1946-1947 was only 1,080 per day, below the level needed for long-term health according to historian Alan S. Milward. The British occupation zone reduced rations to 1,042 calories in March 1946 and the French zone to 980. On the 27th of May 1947, US official William Clayton reported to Dean Acheson that 'millions of people in the cities are slowly starving.'
Cold War fears that poverty and hunger would push Germans toward Communism, combined with the reality that Germany's industrial collapse was holding back all of European recovery, forced a policy reversal. JCS 1067 was rescinded by President Truman in July 1947 and replaced by JCS 1779, which called for a 'stable and productive Germany.' The Marshall Plan was subsequently extended to West Germany, and with the Currency Reform of 1948 Germany began the recovery later known as the Wirtschaftswunder.