Short answers, pulled from the story.
The modernist movement emerged in 1913 following the premiere of Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring in Paris. This ballet performance provoked a physical brawl and signaled the collapse of old certainties from the Enlightenment and Victorian era.
Le Corbusier declared that buildings should function as machines for living, favoring pure geometrical forms and the honest use of materials. Frank Lloyd Wright designed Fallingwater in 1937 as a key example of modernist architecture that rejected decorative motifs of the past.
James Joyce pushed the boundaries of the form with his 1922 masterpiece Ulysses and the 1939 publication of Finnegans Wake to recreate the experience of sleep and dreams. Virginia Woolf and Dorothy Richardson adopted the stream-of-consciousness technique to prioritize the internal life of the character over external plot.
Wassily Kandinsky created the first abstract painting in 1911 and founded the Blue Rider group in Munich. The first major Cubist exhibition was held in 1911 at the Salon des Indépendants in Paris, featuring works by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
The outbreak of World War I in 1914 cast a long shadow over the movement and made the view of steady moral progress seem ridiculous. The Nazi regime in Germany deemed modernism narcissistic and nonsensical, labeling it Jewish and Negro in an exhibition entitled Degenerate Art.
The end of modernism is contested, with some scholars arguing that it ended by 1939 while others believe it continued into the mid-twentieth century. The period from 1945 onwards marked a significant transition as the world grappled with the aftermath of World War II and the rise of postmodernism.