Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Ministry of National Education was established on the 8th of September 1802 within the Russian Empire. This body operated until 1817 when it underwent significant changes following the incorporation of the Main Directorate of Spiritual Affairs of Foreign Faiths.
Officials renamed the People's Commissariat for Education as the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR in March 1946. Between 1937 and 1989, regional departments known as OblONO managed public education across various regions while district departments called RayONO oversaw schools in smaller administrative districts.
Following the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the ministry became the legal successor to previous bodies and administered primary and secondary education including vocational training programs until 1996. In August 1996 officials merged fragmented responsibilities into a new structure called the Ministry of General and Vocational Education which remained effective only until May 1999 before transforming back into the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.
Decree No. 314 established the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on the 9th of March 2004 under Mikhail Fradkov's First Cabinet. This decree abolished the existing Ministry of Education while assuming its regulatory functions alongside those of the former Ministry of Industry, Science, and Technology.
Officials disbanded the combined ministry on the 15th of May 2018 to create distinct bodies for education and science following discussions that emerged during the second half of the 2010s. Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev explained his proposal aimed to optimize government systems while concentrating capabilities better across both educational sectors.
Olga Vasilieva served as the first minister of this newly independent entity having previously led the combined ministry before her tenure ended on the 21st of January 2020 when Sergey Kravtsov took office as Minister of Education.