Short answers, pulled from the story.
Napoleon Bonaparte became famous overnight after his victory at Toulon in the autumn of 1793. He ordered artillery batteries on l'Éguillette to bombard British ships, forcing them to withdraw and saving Southern France from invasion.
Napoleon split his army into two columns to strike different points along the front line during the campaign in northern Italy. This maneuver created a gap between opposing armies that allowed him to defeat them one by one before destroying the Austrian army's ability to fight effectively.
Napoleon won the Battle of Austerlitz on the 2nd of December 1805 near the town of Austerlitz. He positioned his right flank to appear weak, drew enemy forces away, and then struck the center of the allied line as fog lifted over the Pratzen Heights.
Napoleon lost the Russian campaign because winter set in early during October and November while his army was far from supply lines. The retreat turned into a disaster where cold, hunger, and Cossack raids decimated the force until fewer than one hundred thousand men remained out of the original six hundred thousand.
Napoleon suffered a complete defeat at the Battle of Waterloo when Prussian reinforcements arrived later in the day to support the British position. He abdicated shortly after this loss and was exiled to the island of Saint Helena where he spent his remaining days under British custody.