Short answers, pulled from the story.
Militarism is the belief or desire that a state should maintain a strong military capability and use it aggressively to expand national interests and values. It may also imply the glorification of the military, the ideals of a professional military class, and the predominance of armed forces in state administration and policy.
Under Frederick William I of Prussia, who began large-scale military reforms in 1713, annual military spending reached 73 percent of the entire Prussian budget. By the time of his death in 1740, the Prussian army had grown to 83,000 men from a total population of 2.5 million people.
The Black Reichswehr was a secret reserve of trained soldiers established by the Reichswehr in 1921, organized inside regular units as labour battalions called Arbeitskommandos. It was designed to circumvent the Treaty of Versailles' limit of 100,000 men on the German army, and was dissolved in 1923.
The February 26 Incident of 1936 was caused by gekokujō, the institutionalized culture of disobedience by junior officers in the Imperial Japanese military. Radical junior officers attempted a coup d'état and killed leading members of the Japanese government. Emperor Hirohito ordered its suppression, which was carried out by loyal military units.
By 1990, Iraq had become the most militarized country per capita in the world and ranked in the top ten on many measures of military capacity. In 1981, military spending stood at US$4.3 billion and per capita military spending was 370 percent higher than per capita spending on education.
Turkey experienced four significant military interventions after the founding of the republic in 1923. Full coups occurred on the 27th of May 1960, the 12th of March 1971, and the 12th of September 1980. A fourth intervention called a post-modern coup forced a government to resign on the 28th of February 1997. A coup attempt on the 15th of July 2016 failed.