Short answers, pulled from the story.
Bill Gates and Paul Allen established Microsoft on the 4th of April 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Their first product was a BASIC interpreter for the Altair 8800 microcomputer.
IBM awarded Microsoft a contract to provide an operating system for the IBM Personal Computer in November 1980. Microsoft purchased 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products to fulfill this deal while retaining ownership of MS-DOS.
Satya Nadella succeeded Steve Ballmer as CEO of Microsoft on the 4th of February 2014. He previously led Microsoft's Cloud and Enterprise division before taking the top role.
Microsoft announced the acquisition of GitHub for $7.5 billion on the 4th of June 2018. This deal closed on the 26th of October 2018.
By January 2024, Microsoft became the most valued publicly traded company globally with revenue reaching $245 billion in fiscal year 2024. The company had net income of $88.1 billion and employed 228,000 people that year.