Short answers, pulled from the story.
Kirk Kerkorian bought a controlling stake in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio in 1969. He later struggled with debt from his acquisitions of MGM and Western Airlines by 1970 and 1971.
The original MGM Grand Hotel and Casino opened in 1973. The MGM Grand Reno followed in 1978, and these two hotel-casinos accounted for most of MGM's income by 1979.
Bally Manufacturing bought the company in April 1986 under terms that allowed Kirk Kerkorian to retain rights to the MGM Grand name. The deal closed when the company now known as MGM Resorts International formed in 1986 as Grand Name Co.
The merger closed in May 2000 giving MGM ownership of the Mirage, Treasure Island, Bellagio, Boardwalk, and Golden Nugget casinos in Las Vegas. The company changed its name to MGM Mirage in August 2000.
The sale closed on the 25th of April 2005 for a total of $7.9 billion including $3 billion in assumed debt. The Mandalay acquisition made MGM Mirage the largest gambling company in the world.
Nevada Gaming Control Board unanimously voted on the 24th of April 2025 to levy a fine of $8.5 million on the company for having allowed two illegal bookmakers to gamble at MGM Grand and The Cosmopolitan.