Short answers, pulled from the story.
Medard Boss was a Swiss psychiatrist born on the 4th of October 1903 in St. Gallen who developed Daseinsanalysis, a form of psychotherapy that united psychoanalytic practice with the existential phenomenological philosophy of Martin Heidegger. The approach rejected Cartesian and Newtonian assumptions about human beings in favor of an existential foundation for both medicine and psychology.
Yes. While studying medicine in Vienna, Boss underwent psychoanalytic sessions with Sigmund Freud. He later continued and extended that analysis in Zurich with Swiss psychoanalyst Hans Behn Eschenburg.
Ludwig Binswanger introduced Boss to Heidegger's philosophy during the 1930s. Boss studied Being and Time while serving in the Swiss Army during World War II, and after the war he contacted Heidegger directly. The two maintained a mentoring friendship that lasted twenty-five years.
Boss held that dreams come from a person's life as a whole rather than from a separate dream state. He rejected the Freudian view of the unconscious as a place where denied impulses are stored, arguing instead that the unconscious should not be understood as a hidden spatial repository.
Boss's two major theoretical texts are Psychoanalysis and Daseinsanalysis, published in English in 1963, and Existential Foundations of Medicine and Psychology, translated into English in 1979. He also edited Heidegger's Zollikon Seminars, published in 2001, and wrote The Analysis of Dreams, translated in 1958.
Binswanger is recognized as the founder of the first systematic existential approach to psychiatry and psychopathology, while Boss is credited with founding the first systematic approach to existential psychotherapy as a clinical practice. Binswanger's project was primarily theoretical; Boss built a full therapeutic method from the existential foundation.