Short answers, pulled from the story.
Max Weber was born on the 21st of April 1864 in Erfurt, Province of Saxony, Kingdom of Prussia. He died on the 14th of June 1920 in Munich, of pneumonia, at the age of fifty-six, likely after contracting the Spanish flu during the post-war pandemic.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is Weber's most famous work. It argues that Calvinist theology, particularly the doctrine of predestination and the idea of a secular calling, created the psychological conditions that gave rise to modern capitalism. Weber used Benjamin Franklin's personal ethic in his "Advice to a Young Tradesman" as a concrete example of this religious impulse in practice.
Weber classified legitimate authority into three types: charismatic authority, which rests on a leader's extraordinary personal qualities; traditional authority, which rests on loyalty to established customs and the persons who hold power through them; and rational-legal authority, which rests on bureaucracy and belief in the legitimacy of formal rules.
In June 1897, Weber had a severe quarrel with his father over his father's treatment of his mother. His father died two months later during a trip to Riga, leaving the argument unresolved. Weber became increasingly depressed, nervous, and insomniac, sought a teaching exemption in 1899, and stayed at sanatoria in 1898 and 1900. He withdrew from teaching entirely in 1903 and did not return until 1918.
After the war, Weber co-founded the German Democratic Party and ran unsuccessfully for a Weimar National Assembly seat in January 1919. He advised the drafting of the Weimar Constitution, critiqued the Treaty of Versailles, and shortly before joining the Versailles delegation in May 1919, spent several hours trying to convince Erich Ludendorff to surrender himself to the Allies.
Disenchantment, in Weber's account, is the long historical process by which magic was progressively removed from people's understanding of the world. As rationality increased, supernatural explanations gave way to organised religion, then to Western monotheism, then to modern science. Weber argued that science, however, could not generate values, leaving a collection of competing value systems in place of the unified meaning religion had previously provided.