Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first commercially successful steam locomotive was Salamanca, built by Matthew Murray and the firm of Fenton, Murray and Wood in 1812. It was a twin-cylinder locomotive supplied to John Blenkinsop for use at Brandling's Middleton Colliery near Leeds. Murray paid Richard Trevithick a royalty to use the high-pressure steam system but used two cylinders instead of one for a smoother drive.
The Middleton Railway was a colliery line near Leeds that used the world's first rack railway system, patented by John Blenkinsop in 1811. Murray's locomotives used a toothed wheel meshing with a rack rail on one side of the track, at a gauge of 4 ft 1 1/2 ins, allowing a lightweight engine to haul loads at least twenty times its own weight. The system was necessary because cast iron rails of the period could not support heavier locomotives.
Boulton and Watt sent employees William Murdoch and Abraham Storey to visit Murray's works under the guise of a courtesy call, using the visit to observe his superior production methods. They also attempted to bribe an employee of Fenton, Murray and Wood for information, and James Watt junior purchased land adjacent to Murray's workshop to block the firm's expansion. Boulton and Watt also successfully challenged two of Murray's patents in court, having both the 1801 and 1802 patents overturned.
Murray patented flax-spinning machines in 1790 and took out a second patent in 1793 covering instruments and machines for spinning fibrous materials. That second patent introduced the technique of wet spinning flax, which transformed the economics of the trade. His heckling machine, which prepared flax fibres for spinning, won him the gold medal of the Royal Society of Arts in 1809.
The Murray Hypocycloidal Engine is a steam engine designed by Matthew Murray that used a Tusi couple hypocycloidal straight line mechanism to convert the piston's linear motion into circular motion without infringing James Pickard's crank-and-flywheel patent. It is preserved at the Thinktank museum in Birmingham, England, and is identified as the third-oldest working engine in the world and the oldest working engine with a hypocycloidal straight line mechanism.
Murray died on the 20th of February 1826 and was buried in St Matthew's Churchyard in Holbeck, Leeds. The firm of Fenton, Murray and Wood continued operating until 1843. Engineers trained there included Benjamin Hick, Charles Todd, David Joy, and Richard Peacock, all of whom went on to notable careers. Several of Murray's large mill engines ran for more than eighty years, and one installed at King's Cross ran for over a century.