Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word Mass comes from the Latin missa, most likely derived from the closing phrase Ite, missa est, meaning roughly go, the dismissal is made. Missa was in use by the 6th century and entered English as mæsse, glossed in Old English as sendnes, meaning a sending or dismission.
The Catholic Mass is composed of the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist. The Liturgy of the Word centers on the Scripture readings and homily, while the Liturgy of the Eucharist centers on the Eucharistic Prayer and Communion.
The Catholic Church distinguishes its Mass from the Lutheran or Anglican Mass based on what it considers the validity of those churches' clerical orders. As a result, it does not ordinarily permit intercommunion between members of these traditions.
Martin Luther composed a revised Latin rite called the Formula Missae in 1523, followed by a vernacular version, the Deutsche Messe, in 1526. Both replaced parts of the Roman Canon that he rejected as inconsistent with New Testament teaching.
Western Rite Orthodox parishes use the Divine Liturgy of St. Tikhon, adapted from the Anglican Book of Common Prayer, or the Divine Liturgy of St. Gregory, adapted from the Tridentine Roman Rite Mass. Their rubrics have removed the filioque clause, added a fuller epiclesis, and replaced unleavened bread with leavened bread.
The term Mass is very rare in Methodism. Methodists more often use Holy Communion or Lord's Supper, and their Service of the Table is based on The Sunday Service of 1784, authorized by John Wesley.