Short answers, pulled from the story.
Mary Paley Marshall was a British economist born on the 24th of October 1850, who in 1874 became one of the first women to sit the Moral Sciences Tripos at Cambridge University. John Maynard Keynes described her as an intellectual and thinker every bit as significant to the historical development of economics as her husband Alfred Marshall or any other economist of her era.
After passing the Moral Sciences Tripos in 1874 with a pass with honours, Mary Paley Marshall received only a confidential letter from her examiners. Cambridge did not award her a degree because she was a woman, and no official certificate was issued.
Mary Paley Marshall co-wrote The Economics of Industry with Alfred Marshall, published in 1879. The book grew from Mary's Cambridge lecture material, which she had been asked to develop into a publication. Alfred later expressed dislike of the book.
Alfred Marshall began as a supporter of women's higher education but later became a vocal opponent. He wrote pamphlets and letters opposing the granting of degrees to women, and in 1897 a university regulation was passed preventing women from receiving Cambridge degrees, which he had campaigned for.
Mary Paley Marshall encouraged Eglantyne Jebb, a niece by marriage of her acquaintance Caroline Jebb, to enter charity work as an assistant to Florence Keynes. Eglantyne Jebb later went on to found Save the Children.
After Alfred Marshall's death in 1924, Mary Paley Marshall became Honorary Librarian of the Marshall Library of Economics at Cambridge, donating her husband's collection of articles and books. She worked there as a librarian for twenty years until her doctors ordered her to stop.