Short answers, pulled from the story.
The oldest known depiction of organized warfare dates back to cave paintings in eastern Spain between 10,000 and 6,000 BCE. These paintings show groups fighting with bows and arrows, suggesting that the impulse to codify fighting techniques is as old as human civilization itself.
The spread of Buddhism from India to China introduced a new dimension to physical combat through the legendary figure of Bodhidharma in the 5th century AD. This cultural exchange is credited with the origin of Shaolinquan, a style that merged physical discipline with spiritual development.
Kano Jigoro established the Kodokan School of judo in 1882. This sport was eventually introduced to the Summer Olympics in 1964, marking the beginning of martial arts as modern sports during the mid to late 19th century.
The term martial arts was popularized by mainstream popular culture during the 1960s to 1970s, notably by Hong Kong martial arts films and martial artists such as Bruce Lee. Mainstream films like The Karate Kid in 1984 and Bloodsport in 1988 further cemented the perception of martial arts in the West.
On the 29th of November 2011, UNESCO inscribed Taekkyon onto its Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity List. This recognition highlights the importance of preserving these traditions and the cultural heritage of the nation.