Short answers, pulled from the story.
Marie Curie was a Polish and naturalised-French physicist and chemist, born Maria Salomea Skłodowska in Warsaw in 1867. With her husband Pierre Curie she discovered the elements polonium and radium, announced in 1898, and she coined the term radioactivity.
Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel, and won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering radium and polonium. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains alone with Linus Pauling as a laureate in two scientific fields.
Marie Curie named polonium after Poland, her native country, which at the time remained partitioned among the Russian, Austrian, and Prussian empires. She and Pierre announced the element in July 1898.
Marie Curie died on the 4th of July 1934, aged 66, at the Sancellemoz sanatorium in Passy, France, from aplastic anaemia. Her illness was believed to stem from long-term exposure to radiation, including her unprotected laboratory work and her wartime radiography service.
During World War I, Marie Curie developed mobile radiography units known as petites Curies, or Little Curies, to bring X-ray services to field hospitals. She directed the Red Cross Radiology Service, oversaw 20 mobile vehicles and 200 radiological units in the war's first year, and an estimated million wounded soldiers were treated with her equipment.
Marie Curie was first interred at the cemetery in Sceaux beside her husband Pierre. In 1995 their remains were transferred to the Paris Panthéon, sealed in lead lining because of the radioactivity, making her the first woman honored there on her own merits.