Short answers, pulled from the story.
Marcin Bylica was a Polish astronomer and astrologer born around 1433 in Olkusz who became the official astrologer to Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary. He collaborated with Regiomontanus on astronomical tables and a critique of outdated planetary theory, and his bequest of books and instruments to the University of Cracow still survives today.
Bylica and Regiomontanus jointly produced the Tabulae directionum et profectionum in 1467 and the Disputationes inter Viennensem et Cracoviensem, a critique of Gerard of Cremona's planetary theories. The Tabulae were printed in eleven editions by 1626.
In the spring of 1468, Bylica won a public disputation against his colleague Johannes Stercz before Matthias Corvinus in Presburg. The disputation concerned the horoscope of the conception of the son of count János Rozgon. Matthias declared Bylica the winner, awarded him 100 florins, and appointed him official astrologer.
Bylica bequeathed a large globe, two astrolabes, and a triquetrum to the University of Cracow. These were brought to the university in 1494, during the last year Nicolaus Copernicus studied there.
Bylica's collection included works by Regiomontanus and Georg von Peuerbach, as well as the Tractatus Astrarii by Giovanni Dondi dell'Orologio. The collection survives to this day.
Bylica likely began at the parish school in Olkusz before studying at the University of Cracow under the astronomer Marcin Król z Żurawicy. He later taught astronomy at the University of Bologna in 1463 after being invited by Johannes Lauratius de Fundis.