Short answers, pulled from the story.
Marcel Duchamp's most famous work is Fountain, a urinal he submitted to the Society of Independent Artists exhibit in 1917 signed with the pseudonym R. Mutt. In 2004, a panel of 500 prominent artists and historians voted Fountain the most influential artwork of the 20th century.
Marcel Duchamp was born on the 28th of July 1887 in France. He died on the 2nd of October 1968 at his home in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, of heart failure, after dining with friends Man Ray and Robert Lebel.
Readymades were everyday found objects that Duchamp chose and presented as art. Bottle Rack, a bottle-drying rack he signed in 1914, is considered the first pure Readymade. His aim was to select objects that attracted neither by beauty nor ugliness, questioning the very definition of art.
After returning to Paris in 1923, Duchamp devoted himself almost entirely to chess, which he studied for the rest of his life. He said chess was purer than art because it could not be commercialized. He competed in French Championships and Chess Olympiads from 1928 to 1933 and co-authored a chess treatise in 1932 with Vitaly Halberstadt.
Étant donnés is a tableau visible only through a peephole in a wooden door, depicting a nude woman holding a gas lamp against a landscape backdrop. Duchamp worked on it secretly from 1946 to 1966 in his Greenwich Village studio. The Philadelphia Museum of Art revealed it in 1969, a year after his death, surprising an art world that believed he had abandoned art decades earlier.
Rrose Sélavy was a female alter ego Duchamp created in 1921, first appearing in photographs by Man Ray that showed Duchamp dressed as a woman. The name is a pun on the French phrase Eros, c'est la vie. Duchamp used the Sélavy name on sculptures, a perfume bottle readymade, and the 1926 film Anémic Cinéma.