Short answers, pulled from the story.
Mao Zedong was a Chinese revolutionary, politician, writer, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China. He led China from the PRC's establishment in October 1949 until his death in September 1976, primarily as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party.
Mao Zedong was born on the 26th of December 1893 near Shaoshan village in Hunan during the Qing dynasty. He died shortly after midnight on the 9th of September 1976, at the age of 82.
The Great Leap Forward was a campaign Mao launched in January 1958 to transform China from an agrarian to an industrialised nation by merging collectives into large people's communes. It led to the Great Chinese Famine, which caused the deaths of some 30 million Chinese peasants between 1959 and 1962.
The Long March was a military retreat that began on the 14th of October 1934, when the Red Army broke through the Kuomintang line at the Jiangxi Soviet. Of those who set out, only 7,000 to 8,000 survived to reach the Shenshi Soviet in Shaanxi, and the march established Mao as the dominant figure in the party.
Mao launched the Cultural Revolution in 1966 because he feared a new ruling elite had replaced the old one and become estranged from the people. He believed a revolution of culture would unseat the ruling class and keep China in a state of continuous revolution.
In China a common expression holds that Mao was 70 percent right and 30 percent wrong. The CCP resolution adopted on the 27th of June 1981 stated that Mao's contributions to the Chinese Communist Revolution far outweighed his mistakes.