Short answers, pulled from the story.
Historian Verene Shepherd identifies gratuitous manumission as the most widely used term for freeing enslaved people. This phrase describes the conferment of freedom on the enslaved by enslavers before the end of the slave system.
King Louis X issued the edict on the 3rd of July 1315 affirming that everyone must be born free according to natural law. He stated throughout his kingdom servants would be brought to freedom under royal authority creating the maxim no one is a slave in France regarding the soil itself.
From 1791 Robert Carter III emancipated almost 500 slaves through individual deeds. The proportion of free black people rose from less than 1% to 10% in Upper South after revolution.
Turkey adopted legislation explicitly prohibiting slavery finally in 1964 ending decades of resistance. Clandestine slavery persisted well into 20th century despite public denial of existence until this point.
Slaves who earned enough money in their labour and bought their own freedom were known as choris oikointes. Two 4th-century bankers named Pasion and Phormion had been slaves before they bought their freedom.