Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Manifesto of the Ninety-Three was a proclamation issued on the 4th of October 1914, signed by ninety-three prominent Germans in support of Germany's role in World War I. Originally titled 'To the Civilized World,' it was published in ten different languages and signed by scientists, composers, architects, and philosophers.
Fourteen of the ninety-three signatories were Nobel laureates, including Max Planck, Wilhelm Röntgen, Fritz Haber, and Gerhart Hauptmann. Other signatories included Ernst Haeckel, who coined the word 'ecology,' Wilhelm Waldeyer, who named the chromosome, and Wilhelm Wundt, known as the father of experimental psychology.
The manifesto denied that Germany violated Belgian neutrality. It claimed that France and England had already resolved to enter Belgium themselves, and that Belgium had agreed to their doing so, framing Germany's entry as preemption rather than aggression.
A 1921 report in The New York Times found that sixty of the seventy-six surviving signatories expressed varying degrees of regret. Some claimed they had not even read the document before signing it.
The astronomer Wilhelm Julius Foerster and the physiologist Georg Friedrich Nicolai wrote the counter-document, titled 'Manifesto to the Europeans.' Albert Einstein and the philosopher Otto Buek also signed it, making four signatories in total. The document remained unpublished during the war, and Einstein later brought it to public attention.
Richard Strauss declined to sign on the grounds that 'Declarations about war and politics are not fitting for an artist.' He was the only named refusal recorded in connection with the manifesto.