Short answers, pulled from the story.
Madlib is the professional name of Otis Lee Jackson Jr., an American DJ, record producer, and rapper born on the 24th of October 1973, in Oxnard, California. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential producers in modern hip-hop, known for his eclectic, sample-heavy production style that draws heavily on jazz and world music.
Madlib collaborated with MF Doom under the name Madvillain on the album Madvillainy, released in 2004. The album was produced using a Boss SP-303 and a turntable, and it topped many critics' year-end lists upon release.
Madlib produced two full-length albums with Freddie Gibbs under the name MadGibbs: Piñata, released on the 18th of March 2014, and Bandana, released on the 28th of June 2019. Both albums received widespread critical acclaim.
Madlib has cited Miles Davis, Sun Ra, and David Axelrod as his most significant musical influences. He also named dozens of jazz artists on the song "Jazz Cats, Part 1" from his 2000 album The Unseen, including John Coltrane, Thelonious Monk, Herbie Hancock, and Cannonball Adderley.
Yesterdays New Quintet is a jazz-based, hip-hop and electronic-influenced group created by Madlib in 2001. The group was originally made up entirely of alter egos and fictional musicians all played by Madlib himself, though it later incorporated real session musicians as well.
Madlib was involved in the recording sessions for Kanye West's My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, though five beats West placed on hold were not used on the final album. Madlib did produce "No More Parties in L.A.," featuring Kendrick Lamar, which appears on West's The Life of Pablo, released on the 12th of February 2016.