Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first machine ever created was a simple wedge, specifically a hand axe chipped from flint. This tool, known as the Olorgesailie and found in Winchester, transformed lateral force into transverse splitting force to mark the dawn of mechanical advantage.
The wheel and axle mechanism emerged in Mesopotamia during the 5th millennium BC. This development revolutionized transport and labor before the lever appeared around 5,000 years ago in the Near East.
The Muslim world produced the earliest practical wind-powered machines, the windmill and wind pump, in the 9th century AD. These innovations appeared in what are now Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan and predated similar European developments by centuries.
James Watt patented his parallel motion linkage in 1782. This invention made the double-acting steam engine practical and launched the Industrial Revolution which spanned from 1750 to 1850.
Charles Babbage designed machines to tabulate logarithms and other functions in 1837, creating the Difference engine and the Analytical Engine. These designs served as forerunners of the modern computer and established the basis for mechanical computing.
Molecular machines such as the biological molecule myosin react to ATP and ADP to alternately engage with an actin filament and change its shape to exert force. This process allows the molecule to move along the actin filament and transport vesicles within the cell.