Short answers, pulled from the story.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk served as Germany's Minister of Finance from 1932 to 1945, making him one of the longest-serving members of Hitler's cabinet. A non-partisan conservative, he was appointed by Franz von Papen and remained in office through Hitler's entire tenure. His ministry was involved in persecuting Jews, stealing their property, and laundering money, and he helped finance the concentration camps.
The Flensburg Government was the short-lived provisional German government formed in May 1945 under Reichspräsident Karl Dönitz after Hitler's suicide. Schwerin von Krosigk served as its Leading Minister, declining the title of chancellor but accepting this position on the 2nd of May 1945. The government controlled only a small area around Flensburg near the Danish border and was dissolved by General Eisenhower on the 23rd of May 1945.
Yes. In a radio broadcast on the 2nd of May 1945, Schwerin von Krosigk used the phrase "Iron Curtain" to describe a division across Europe, making him one of the earliest commentators to deploy the term publicly. He had taken the phrase from an article by Joseph Goebbels. Winston Churchill's later use of the phrase made it famous.
At the Ministries Trial in 1949, Schwerin von Krosigk was convicted of laundering property stolen from Nazi victims and financing the concentration camps. He was sentenced to ten years in prison. His sentence was reviewed by the Peck Panel and he was released in 1951 under an amnesty.
Schwerin von Krosigk became a member of the Nazi Party automatically on the 30th of January 1937, when he accepted the Golden Party Badge personally bestowed on him by Adolf Hitler as an honour. Accepting the badge conferred party membership; his membership number was 3,805,231.
Schwerin von Krosigk studied law and political science at Halle and Lausanne, then attended Oriel College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar. He served in the German Army during the First World War, reaching the rank of Lieutenant and earning the Iron Cross, 1st class. He joined the finance ministry in 1922 and became head of the budget department by 1929.