Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Lord Mayor of London takes office on the Friday before the second Saturday in November. This date marks the start of a twelve-month term during which the incoming mayor receives the seal, purse, sword, and mace at Guildhall.
Henry Fitz-Ailwin de Londonestone was elected as the first Lord Mayor of London in 1189. The office has existed since that year and remains one of the oldest continuously elected civic offices in the world.
The Lord Mayor of London governs only the City of London, a tiny square mile that contains the historic core of the city. This area is home to the Bank of England, the London Stock Exchange, and countless financial institutions.
The title Lord Mayor was granted to Thomas Legge by King Edward III in 1354. The City of London Corporation, which elects the Lord Mayor, is a unique local authority with its own laws, courts, and police force.
The Lord Mayor's State Coach was built in 1757 at a cost of £1,065.0s.3d. The coach is used in the Lord Mayor's Show, which is held on the day after the Lord Mayor takes office.