Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first major settlement of London was founded by the Romans around AD 47. This early settlement lasted only until about AD 61 when the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed and burnt it to the ground.
William, Duke of Normandy, known as William I, built the Tower of London in the south-eastern corner of the city after his coronation on Christmas Day 1066. He constructed this stone castle to intimidate the inhabitants of the area.
The Great Fire of London broke out in 1666 in Pudding Lane and quickly swept through wooden buildings before taking over 10 years to rebuild under the supervision of Robert Hooke. Christopher Wren completed St Paul's Cathedral in 1710 to replace its medieval predecessor which had burned down during the fire.
During the Second World War, the Blitz and other bombings by the Luftwaffe killed over 30,000 Londoners. The tomb of the Unknown Warrior was buried in Westminster Abbey on the 11th of November 1920 to honor unidentified members of the British armed forces killed during the First World War.
Sadiq Khan has been the mayor of London since 2016 and is the first Muslim mayor of a major Western capital. He holds executive powers as part of the Greater London Authority alongside the London Assembly.