Short answers, pulled from the story.
Aristotle wrote a treatise called Poetics in the 4th century BC. This work introduced concepts like mimesis and catharsis to explain why audiences felt certain ways when watching plays or reading poems.
Giorgio Valla published his Latin translation of Aristotle's Poetics in the year 1498. This recovery of classical texts sparked a new movement known as Renaissance criticism.
Lodovico Castelvetro became one of the most influential figures by writing commentaries on Aristotle's work in 1570. For over three hundred years until the late eighteenth century, Aristotle remained the primary influence on Western literary thought.
Emanuele Tesauro published Il Cannocchiale aristotelico in 1654 to develop theories about metaphor and wit. This treatise described conceit and wonder as intellectual acts that provided access to truth.
Northrop Frye published Anatomy of Criticism in 1957 which argued against critics who judged pieces based solely on ideological adherence. This work became highly influential among modern conservative thinkers.