Short answers, pulled from the story.
Archaeological excavations reveal that a Phoenician trading post existed on the southern slope of the Castle Hill in Lisbon as early as 1000 BC. This settlement utilized the sheltered harbor in the Tagus River estuary for secure unloading points and commercial relations with indigenous populations.
Muslim forces of the Umayyad Caliphate captured Lisbon on the 6th of August 711, establishing administrative control while allowing diverse populations to maintain their socio-cultural lifestyles. Islam became the official religion, but Arabic quickly lost its place after Afonso Henriques conquered the city again on the 1st of November 1147 during the Portuguese theater of the Reconquista.
A devastating earthquake destroyed Lisbon on the 1st of November 1755, killing an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 residents out of a population between 200,000 and 275,000. The disaster destroyed 85 percent of the city's structures including the Ribeira Palace and Hospital Real de Todos os Santos before Prime Minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo oversaw the reconstruction.
The Carnation Revolution took place on the 25th of April 1974, ending the right-wing Estado Novo regime that had ruled since the 6th of June 1926 revolution. This event reformed Portugal into its current state as the Third Republic following decades of authoritarian rule.
The Lisbon region produces more than 31 percent of Portugal's GDP by 2024 with a GDP per capita exceeding €42,000 according to recent calculations. Three companies from the Global 2000 operate here: EDP Group, Galp Energia, and Jerónimo Martins while most headquarters of multinationals concentrate in the Grande Lisboa Subregion.