Short answers, pulled from the story.
The monastery on Lindisfarne was founded around 634 by the Irish monk Aidan, who had been sent from Iona at the request of King Oswald of Northumbria. Aidan remained on the island until his death in 651, and the abbey served as the only seat of a bishopric in Northumbria for nearly thirty years.
The Viking raid on Lindisfarne took place on the 8th of June 793, according to the Annals of Lindisfarne. The raid is widely regarded as one of the opening events of the Viking Age; many monks were killed and others were captured and enslaved.
The Lindisfarne Gospels were produced in the early 8th century, most likely at Lindisfarne itself; the artist is attributed by the monk Aldred to Eadfrith, who served as Bishop of Lindisfarne from 698 to 721. The manuscript is now held at the British Library in London, a location that has drawn objections from some Northumbrians.
The causeway to Lindisfarne is generally open from about three hours after high tide until two hours before the next high tide. Tide tables giving safe crossing periods are published by Northumberland County Council and displayed at both ends of the causeway and at the Holy Island road junction with the A1 at Beal. Despite warnings, about one vehicle per month is stranded on the causeway, requiring rescue by HM Coastguard.
Lindisfarne Castle was built in 1550 using stones from the recently dissolved priory, on a whinstone hill called Beblowe, the highest point on the island. Henry VIII had ordered fortification of the site in 1542 as a defense against possible Scottish invasion. The castle was later refurbished in the Arts and Crafts style by architect Sir Edwin Lutyens for Edward Hudson, editor of Country Life.
At the 2021 census, Holy Island parish had a population of 151 people in 77 households. A 2020 report noted that three pubs and a hotel were operating but that the shop had closed and residents were traveling to Berwick-upon-Tweed for groceries and other supplies.