Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first libraries were archives of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform script dating back to 2600 BC in Sumer. These early collections were state archives where scribes recorded laws, trade agreements, and religious texts.
The Mongols attacked the Nizaris at Alamut in 1256 and burned the library as a deliberate act of conquest. The conqueror Juwayni boasted that the library's fame had spread throughout the world before its destruction.
The Dewey Decimal Classification Theory is a system that arranges materials in a specified order to allow items to be located quickly. This classification system is used by larger libraries to divide collections into departments staffed by paraprofessionals and professional librarians.
The transition to online public access catalogues made the physical card catalogue obsolete and changed how people access information. The average American academic library saw a 2.2% decline in transactions between 2002 and 2004, and the University of California Library System experienced a 54% decline in circulation between 1991 and 2001.
The term Library 2.0 was coined in 2005 to represent the library's response to the challenge of Google. This concept involves using Web 2.0 technology such as commenting, tagging, bookmarking, and the use of online social networks by libraries.