Short answers, pulled from the story.
The word liberal first appeared in English in 1375 to describe the liberal arts, which was a form of education deemed suitable for a free-born man. By 1387, the term had evolved to mean free in bestowing, and by 1433, it signified made without stint.
John Locke, an English philosopher born in 1632, is widely regarded as the father of modern liberalism. His Two Treatises of Government, published in 1690, outlined the foundational concept of the social contract, arguing that government acquires its legitimacy only through the consent of the governed.
The color yellow became the political symbol most commonly associated with liberalism, a tradition that persists in Europe and Latin America. In the United States, the color blue now represents the liberal party, while conservatism is associated with red.
The first recorded use of the noun liberalism appeared in English in 1815, but the political label liberales was already in use in Spain. Between 1820 and 1823, during the Trienio Liberal, King Ferdinand VII was compelled by the liberales to swear to uphold the constitution.
Mary Wollstonecraft, a British philosopher born in 1759, published A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792. This work expanded the boundaries of liberalism to include women in the political structure of liberal society and is widely regarded as the pioneer of liberal feminism.
The first major signs of liberal politics emerged in modern times, coalescing at the time of the English Civil War. The Levellers, a largely ignored minority political movement, called for freedom of religion, frequent convening of parliament, and equality under the law.