What is the Liber Regalis and what does it contain?
The Liber Regalis, Latin for "Royal Book," is an English medieval illuminated manuscript held at Westminster Abbey (MS 38). It contains the order of service for four royal ceremonies: the coronation of a king, the joint coronation of a king and queen, the coronation of a queen alone, and the funeral of a king. Each liturgy opens with a full-page illumination depicting the event.
When was the Liber Regalis compiled?
The Liber Regalis was most likely compiled in 1382 to provide the order of service for the coronation of Anne of Bohemia as queen to Richard II. Some sources argue it may have been compiled earlier, in 1308, for the coronation of Edward II.
Which coronations used the Liber Regalis as their order of service?
The Liber Regalis provided the order of service for all English coronations from Richard II's reign up to and including the coronation of Elizabeth I. For the coronation of James I and his queen Anne, the liturgy was translated from Latin into English, but the manuscript remained the foundation.
Where is the Liber Regalis kept today?
The Liber Regalis belongs to Westminster Abbey, where it is held as manuscript number 38 (MS 38). Westminster Abbey is the traditional site of English coronations, making it a natural home for the manuscript.
How did the Liber Regalis remain relevant across so many reigns?
With occasional adaptations to suit the political and religious circumstances of each reign, the Liber Regalis remained the basis for all later coronation liturgies from Richard II through to James I and beyond. Its structure and codified sequence proved durable across centuries of dynastic and religious change.
What language is the Liber Regalis written in?
The original Liber Regalis is written in Latin. For the coronation of James I and his queen Anne, the liturgy was translated into English, marking the first time the manuscript's rites were rendered in the vernacular.