Short answers, pulled from the story.
Russia re-legalized homosexual acts between consenting males in 1993, when Article 121 was removed from the RSFSR Penal Code following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Female homosexuality had never been criminalized under Soviet law. Those previously convicted under Article 121 received no official amnesty.
The federal law passed on the 29th of June 2013 bans the distribution of materials promoting "non-traditional sexual relationships" among minors. Critics argue its broad wording effectively prohibits public demonstrations in favor of gay rights, defense of LGBTQ rights in speech, and any public statement that same-sex relationships are equal to heterosexual ones. A 2022 amendment extended the ban to all age groups.
Beginning in February 2017, Chechen authorities conducted what an opposition newspaper called a "prophylactic sweep," detaining over 100 men on suspicion of being gay or bisexual. At least three died in extrajudicial killings according to initial reports, and human rights groups described the detention facilities as concentration camps. A December 2018 OSCE report confirmed the persecution had occurred and been ignored by authorities, and a second wave of detentions was reported in January 2019.
Russia enacted a law on the 24th of July 2023 banning gender-affirming surgery and legal gender recognition outright, signed by President Putin after unanimous approval in both chambers of the State Duma. State Duma Speaker Vyacheslav Volodin framed it as preventing national "degradation," citing statistics about gender reassignment surgeries in the United States. The law also bans people with gender dysphoria from adopting children and voids marriages where one partner has transitioned.
The Supreme Court of Russia issued a ruling in November 2023 declaring "the international LGBT movement" extremist, following a Ministry of Justice lawsuit. On the 22nd of March 2024 the movement was formally added to Russia's unified list of terrorist and extremist organizations. Displaying the rainbow flag, financially supporting LGBTQ groups, or participating in activism can now result in criminal prosecution under anti-extremism laws.
In 2024, Russia ranked last out of 49 European countries surveyed for the status of LGBTQ rights, according to the survey data referenced in the source. Turkey ranked 47th and Azerbaijan 48th. In 2016, ILGA-Europe had rated Russia the second least LGBTQ-friendly nation in Europe.