Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Kuleshov effect is the principle that viewers derive meaning from the juxtaposition of two shots rather than from either shot alone. Lev Kuleshov demonstrated it by pairing the same neutral footage of actor Ivan Mozzhukhin with different images, including a meal and a corpse, and finding that audiences interpreted his expression differently depending on context.
Lev Kuleshov directed a number of feature films, including the action-comedy The Extraordinary Adventures of Mr. West in the Land of the Bolsheviks (1924), the psychological drama By the Law (1926) adapted from a Jack London story, and the biographical drama The Great Consoler (1933) based on O. Henry's life and works. His final film was released in 1943.
Among Kuleshov's notable students were Vsevolod Pudovkin, Boris Barnet, Mikhail Romm, Sergey Komarov, Porfiri Podobed, Vladimir Fogel, and Aleksandra Khokhlova, who became his wife. He taught at the National Film School beginning in 1919 and later served as rector at VGIK for 25 years.
Creative geography, also called artificial landscape, is a filmmaking technique Kuleshov developed that uses editing to connect locations with no real physical relationship, making them appear as a single coherent space in the viewer's mind. He described the technique in his 1941 book The Basics of Film Direction.
Dokhunda was a film Kuleshov began shooting in Tajikistan in 1934 and 1935, based on a novel by the Tajik national poet Sadriddin Ayni. Soviet authorities halted the project out of concern it might encourage Tajik nationalism. No footage from the production survives.
Kuleshov received the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1944, the Order of Lenin in 1967, and the title People's Artist of the RSFSR in 1969, the year before his death. He was also a jury member at the 27th Venice International Film Festival.