Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Raiders were founded on the 30th of January 1960, in Oakland, California as a charter member of the American Football League. Their first announced name was the Oakland Señors, but the owners changed it to the Oakland Raiders nine days later after local ridicule and accusations the naming contest was rigged.
The Raiders have won three Super Bowl championships: Super Bowl XI in 1976 (defeating the Minnesota Vikings 32-14), Super Bowl XV in 1980 (defeating the Philadelphia Eagles 27-10), and Super Bowl XVIII in 1983 (defeating the Washington Redskins 38-9).
Al Davis changed the team colors when he became head coach and general manager in 1963, replacing the original black and gold. Davis made the change as part of a broader transformation that also introduced the vertical game offensive strategy and the iconic pirate logo on the helmet.
The Holy Roller occurred on the 10th of September 1978, when Raiders quarterback Ken Stabler intentionally fumbled forward near the end zone with seconds left against the San Diego Chargers. A teammate shoveled the ball closer and tight end Dave Casper kicked it to himself in the end zone for a 21-20 win. The play prompted the NFL to prohibit any player other than the fumbler from advancing the ball in the final two minutes.
Owner Al Davis wanted to add luxury suites to the Oakland Coliseum and was refused. He signed an agreement to move to Los Angeles, but NFL owners voted 22-0 against it. Davis sued the NFL on antitrust grounds alongside the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and a jury found in his favor in May 1982, clearing the move.
The Raiders officially moved to Las Vegas on the 22nd of January 2020, after NFL owners approved the relocation on the 27th of March 2017, by a 31-1 vote. Allegiant Stadium, a domed 65,000-seat venue in Paradise, Nevada, was built with a $750 million public subsidy approved by Nevada's legislature, plus $500 million pledged by the Raiders.