Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Labour Party was founded in 1900, growing out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century. Its immediate purpose was to give the working class a distinct political voice in Parliament, especially after the 1901 Taff Vale legal decision made most strikes illegal and required a parliamentary remedy.
The seven Labour prime ministers were Ramsay MacDonald, Clement Attlee, Harold Wilson, James Callaghan, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown, and Keir Starmer. Starmer became prime minister on the 5th of July 2024 after Labour's landslide general election victory.
The Attlee government nationalised major industries including coal mining, steel, electricity, gas, and the railways, and created the National Health Service, which provided publicly funded medical treatment for all. It also established the modern welfare state and granted independence to India and Pakistan in 1947.
New Labour was a rebranding of the Labour Party associated with Tony Blair's leadership from 1994. It involved removing Clause IV's commitment to nationalisation in 1995, adopting free market policies, and building a political philosophy around Anthony Giddens' Third Way. Blair led the party to a majority of 179 in the 1997 general election, the largest in Labour's history.
Following Jeremy Corbyn's election as leader in 2015 with 60 percent of the membership vote, individual membership almost doubled within months. One year after his victory, membership had grown to more than 500,000, making Labour the largest political party in Western Europe at that time.
Keir Starmer led Labour to a majority of 174 seats with 33.7 percent of the popular vote in the 2024 general election, ending fourteen years of Conservative government. He repositioned the party toward the political centre after becoming leader in 2020 and set out five governing missions covering economic growth, health, clean energy, crime, and education.