Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Kingdom of Mewar was founded in the 7th century under Guhadatta of the Guhila dynasty and lasted until 1947 when it merged with the Union of India, spanning more than thirteen centuries. Bappa Rawal acquired control of Chittor in 728, establishing one of its most enduring capitals.
Maharana Pratap was the ruler of Mewar who led its resistance against Akbar's Mughal Empire after the fall of Chittorgarh in 1568. He fought the Battle of Haldighati, refused all Mughal demands for submission, and by his death in 1597 had recaptured every major Mewar fort except Chittorgarh and Mandalgarh.
Jauhar was a practice of mass self-immolation performed by women of the fort in the face of military defeat, witnessed at Mewar during the siege by Alauddin Khalji in 1303 and again after Akbar breached the walls of Chittorgarh in 1568. The practice became part of Mewar's legacy of resistance against conquest.
Mewar concluded the Treaty of Friendship, Alliances and Unity with the East India Company on the 13th of January 1818. Under the treaty, the British agreed to protect Mewar's territory in return for Mewar acknowledging British supremacy, abstaining from political associations with other states, and paying one-fourth of its revenues as tribute for five years and three-eighths in perpetuity.
At his zenith around 1521, Rana Sanga had defeated the Sultanates of Gujarat, Malwa, and Delhi and established a confederacy of most of Rajputana with himself at its head. He was defeated at the Battle of Khanwa by Babur's gunpowder weapons and was later poisoned by his own generals in 1526.
Kumbhalgarh and Chittorgarh are UNESCO World Heritage Sites associated with the Kingdom of Mewar, described as jewels of Rajput architecture in India. Udaipur, founded by the Mewar ruler Udai Singh II during his reign, is also part of Mewar's architectural legacy.